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Dredging
Underwater excavation is called dredging. Many times an initial excavation is needed to establish a ship channel within a river or harbor. The periodic dredging that must be done to keep it clear and safe for navigation is called maintenance dredging. Port terminals and boat marinas must remove sediments on a regular basis. Sometimes contaminated sediments must be removed or capped to limit the release of contaminants. Once sediments are dredged from the waterway, they are called dredged material.